... in response to the hostile wider society. An 'urban village' or 'ethnic enclave' is a residential district usually in the inner city that has a significant clustering of people of similar culture or ethnicity, but by no means has a homogenous population. Whilst there is a considerable ethnic grouping, this does not constitute the vast majority of the total population of the groups within the city. For example, Philpott (1978) cites the instance of the Old Jewish 'Ghetto' of Chicago in 1894 whose population was 90% Jewish, although this only constituted 14,000 of the 75,000 Jews living in Chicago at the time. It is a focal point of migrants to the city and is often subject to chain migration, with information and money send back to the migrants place of origin. Clustering allows for an easier psychological and economic assimilation and also makes provision for migrants' cultural requirements such as specialist ...

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