... a philosophical position that emphasises the relationship between the historico-geographical explanation of the development of urban forms and the exact method of urban design.2` To unravel how different or conversely, how similar these two schools are, the two scholars theories and understandings will be analysed in turn to determine a distinction between them. When studying the difference between the schools it must first be emphasised that the most major contrast between both scholars Conzen (1960, 1975) and Caniggia (1963, 1997) is that they are from quite different disciplines and they arrived at their common conclusions quite independently. According to Whitehand (1981) Conzen believes, 'quintessentially the past provides the key to the future.' Caniggia (1997) also states 'past is to be considered the main influencing factor to the present time.' They both therefore, agree that history played a major role in the urban phenomena, the varying importance and emphasis they place on ...

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