... free and bound and may be positioned in several locations throughout the cell depending on cell function. Free ribosomes can occur individually, a monosome, or in clusters called polyribosomes or polysomes and are found in the cytosol (the fluid component of cytoplasm, excluding organelles and the insoluble, usually suspended, cytoplasmic components). Found in greater concentrations in cells that retain proteins, they manufacture proteins that are either held in solution in the cytoplasm or those used in the formation of cytoplasmic structural and motile elements. Bound ribosomes are situated on the outside of the endoplasmic reticulum1 forming rough ER (RER) and a large number are seen in cells that make proteins to be secreted out of the cell, such as pancreatic cells producing digestive proteins. The bound ribosomes form proteins that may be utilised for the cell membrane, packaged into vesicles for storage, as well as those required for export from ...

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