... plant, a substance called anthocyanin is contained within the plasma membrane. It is anthocyanin which gives the beetroot its characteristic blue/purple colour. If a cell is damaged in a beetroot plant and the membrane is broken, the anthocyanin 'bleeds' from the cells like a dye. In this experiment the temperature denatures the membrane causing it to bleed the dye out of the cell. Although the above values are a range of values obtained from the investigation, it does not actually show how the figures are close to one another. This is important as figures need to be analysed to draw correct conclusions. To see how close the ranges of numbers are to one another, I will carry out a standard deviation calculation. The following will show the working out the standard deviation of the results from 53 C. The following equation will be used: S =V ? Key S = standard deviation ? = ...

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