... globulins. Alpha1 globulin is predominantly alpha1-antitrypsin, an enzyme produced by the lungs and liver. Alpha2 globulin, which includes serum haptoglobin, is a protein that binds hemoglobin to prevent its excretion by the kidneys. Various other alpha globulins are produced because of inflammation, tissue damage, autoimmune disorders, or certain cancers. Beta globulins include low-density substances involved in fat transport (lipoproteins), iron transport (transferring), and blood clotting (plasminogen and complement). Gamma globulins are all antibodies-proteins produced by the immune system in response to infection, allergic reactions, and organ transplants. If serum protein electrophoresis has demonstrated a significant rise at the gamma-globulin level, immunoelectrophoresis is done to identify the specific globulin that is involved.(1) All proteins have an electrical charge. The SPEP test is designed to make use of this characteristic. There is some difference in method, but the sample is placed in or on a special medium and an electric current is applied to this ...

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