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... Protein synthesis occurs at the ribosomes which are located in the cytoplasm, the portion of the cell outside the nucleus. Proteins are formed by condensation reactions linking amino acids together with peptide bonds in a particular sequence. The type of protein formed is determined by the sequence of amino acids in the primary structure of the protein. In turn, the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide is determined by the sequence of organic bases in the molecular structure of DNA which is called the genetic code. Since there are 20 amino acids which can be used in the synthesis of a single protein there must be at least this number of different codes to accommodate all the different amino acids. In using a combination of three bases out of a possible four there are sufficient combinations to code for all the different types of amino acid ...