... good ligand for copper ions is dissolved in an organic solvent immiscible in water, such as kerosene. When this solution is mixed with the copper ions dissolved in water, this reaction takes place: Cu2+(aq) + 2LH (organic) ? CuL2 (organic) + 2H+(aq) L = Ligand This process moves the copper ions from the water, where they are at a low concentration, to the organic solvent, where they are at a high concentration. After the copper ions have been removed the remaining Fe2+ ions and Fe3+ ions are oxidised in an open pond with the T. ferro-oxidans catalysing this reaction. The recharged leeching solution is then pumped back to the beginning of the cycle to be used again. The copper is extracted as sheets through an electro-winning process. An electric current is passed through the copper ion solution. The copper ions are oxidised and collect at the negative electrode as pure copper. ...

See this essay or coursework document in full right now