... of selective changes that have been occurring ever since the beginning of the universe. Let us keep these two notes in mind (one, rejection of Cartesian vocabulary, and two, scientific world-view) as we consider the two theses put forth by BN. According to Searle, the two theses of BN work within a micro-macro schema that is compatible with the current scientific world-view. Using the micro-macro model, we can formulate the theses (combined) in another way by saying that minds and mental states are the higher-level phenomenon of the lower-level phenomenon that is physical brain processes. For example, heat is the higher-level phenomenon of the lower-level phenomenon that is particles/atoms moving at a very fast rate. Similarly, pains are the higher-level phenomenon of the lower-level phenomenon that is a certain pattern of neuron firings. So, the lower-level phenomenon causes the higher-level phenomena in that the later is realized in and consists ...

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