... what Wundt, James and other early scientific psychologist had called 'mind' or mental processes. They are now called cognition or cognitive processes (also mediational processes) and refer to all the ways in which we comes to know about the world around us, how we attain, retain and regain information, through the processes of perception, attention, memory, problem solving, language and thinking, reasoning and concept formation ('higher order' mental activities). Perception, attention, language, memory and thinking are defined below. Perception is an active mediational process that allows us to process, organise and interpret sensory information from our outside world. Attention is a general term referring to the selective aspects of perception which function so that at any instant an organism focuses on certain features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of other features. Language is quite difficult to define, a language is what we speak, the set of arbitrary conventional symbols through which ...

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