... et al longitudinal study of JM). Phonological storage and retrieval are a fundamental part of processing incoming verbal information and important to other short term memory tasks. With dyslexic individuals, in childhood literacy skills are below average, even if these skills become average with age, phonological deficits continue throughout life, (Brunswick et al 1999). This hypothesis proposes that dyslexic individuals have poorly specified phonological representations (Snowling 2000). The phonological deficit theory seems to be the consensus for some time. At the present there are some different view becoming apparent. Although some acknowledge the theory they see phonological difficulties as a symptom of dyslexia, relating the cause to brain structure. Some evidence for the phonological theory is derived from memory tests. In studies by Hulme et al (1984), Johnstone et al(1987) and more recently Snowling et al (1997) is was found that memory impairments with word recall were found in dyslexic ...

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