... different kinds of memory, which suggests that for each genre of memory there is a special storage system for it. Psychologists believe that the process of memory involves three stages: encoding, storage and retrieval. For information to be remembered it must go through all of the stages. First of all the information must be put into some form where it can be encoded visually (as images), acoustically (as sounds) or semantically (as meanings). Secondly the encoded information must be stored or held in memory until it is needed. Thirdly, the stored information must be available to be retrieved from memory when required. Based on the above idea about memory, psychologists have tried to form models, which aim to explain the different forms of memory and its different components. Atkinson and Shriffin in1968 came up with the first model of memory. They aimed to explain the structure of memory and explain how ...

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