... the structural limitations of present models of the imagery system. Introduction The construct of mental imagery has long been considered a fundamental source of individual differences in spatial ability and performance on spatial tasks (Cooper, 1975 cf. Kosslyn, 1994., Kyllonen, 1996., Nisbett & Wlson, 1977., Shephard & Metzler., Paivio, 1970). It is interesting to note therefore how measures based on introspective reports of the conscious experience of imagery had previously found no relationship with performance on spatial tasks in which imagery is thought to play a functional role (Richardson, 1977a., Sheehan & Neisser, 1969). Dean & Morris (2003) suggest that the central problem in imagery research stems from the inability of self-report measures to capture the processes underlying imagery. Although it is frequently suggested that mental images are related to the solution of spatial problems, none of these imagery measures actually deal with items involved in tests of spatial ability. The images ...

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