... hypothesis is incorrect as the table is actually a toy drum. Goldstein (1999) this process is conscious, as one is aware of the hypotheses that eventually lead to the perception of the drum. However, not all hypothesis testing occurs at a conscious level. Külpe (1904) puts forward the idea of 'mental operations' occurring during perceptual processes. He presented displays of different colours and told participants to concentrate on a certain dimension of the display, like the positioning of the letters. When Külpe asked his participants to describe a different aspect of the display, like the colour of a certain letter, they could not. Külpe concludes that despite all of the information from the presented display reaching the participants eye, a careful selection process comes about between the 'reception' of this information and the participant's perception, resulting in only some of the information being perceived and remembered. (Cited in Goldstein 1999). ...

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