... item of clothing on a stranger as being a replica of one owned by ourselves, or recalling the last conversation to had with a friend. However, we also use stored information to drive a car or structure a formal letter. Craick and Lockhart (1972) proposed a "Levels of Processing Theory" which suggested that the way in which information is encoded has some bearing on how easy it is to retrieve at a later date. They assumed that the attentional and perceptual processes that occur at the time of learning determine information stored in long-term memory. There are many different levels of processing, ranging from shallow or physical analysis (e.g. detecting specific letters in words) to deep or semantic analysis (Eysenck and Keane, 2000) For verbal information, shallow processing refers to encoding where superficial characteristics of a stimulus are emphasised. On the other hand, deep processing refers to encoding where ...

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