... our cultural and social environments. With reference to the different approaches to learning, this essay seeks to explain the relationships that link the aims of the perspectives with the different kinds of evidence they seek, the type of data they require and thus illustrate why different methods are used. Up to the early twentieth century, psychologists had the idea that behaviour and emotions could be studied through introspection and observation whereby inferences could be made about the mental state based on the behaviour being observed. Behaviourism, founded in the early twentieth century by John Watson, was essentially a revolt against this earlier thinking. Watson advocated that trying to gain insight into behaviour through introspection was not scientific enough. He believed that scientific psychology should consist of objective observation and measurement in the same way as other sciences. He suggested that learning could be understood purely by observing the connections between ...

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