... it salivates, this is an unconditional response (UR) which is part of a dog's biological make-up and therefore a reflex. Pavlov explored this concept further by ringing a bell, a conditional stimulus (CS) before the food is brought out to the dog. Due to the concept of classical conditioning the dog would eventually make a link between the bell ringing and the food being brought to it. This was proved when after a few times the dog would start to salivate when the bell was rung, as the ringing of the bell had now been associated with food. Pavlov believed classical conditioning was a way of extending the reflex concept into the sphere of learning. However recent research on classical conditioning has neutralised this theory to less of a reflex and more a response. Animal experts on instrumental conditioning also have important implications for human behaviour. Instrumental conditioning is when ...

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