... primary attachment figure. Human infants, like other mammalian infants, are not able to protect themselves and need the protection of a caregiver. Bowlby argued that, infants who were able to maintain immediate nearness in place to the attachment figure either by looking cute or by expressing attachment behaviours ensured their likelihood of survival. According to Bowlby, there is a motivational control system that he called an attachment behavioural system and this attachment system essentially "asked" whether or not the attachment figure is accessible and devoted. His findings were if the infant is to perceive this to be yes, then s/he displays security and confidence in his/her environment. If however, the infant perceives this as no, then the opposite occurs in showing signs of behaviour of anxiety and insecurity. Bowlby (1951), Goldfarb (1943), Spitz and Wolf (1946) all researched the effects of attachment deficiency of infants raised in orphanages and residential ...

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