... attached a capsule to the dog's salivary gland in order that the salivary flow might be measured. The dog was then tied up in front of a pan in which meat powder could be delivered automatically. On being presented with the meat powder the dog would always salivate. This was a natural reflex; an unconditioned response (UCR) for no learning was involved. Pavlov wanted to see if external stimuli could affect this process. The dog would only salivate on production of the meat powder; the unconditioned stimulus (UCS), and not to any neutral stimulus such as a light, a tone or a bell, and so Pavlov and his researchers established the basis of their experiment. Would it be possible to provoke a conditioned response (CR), i.e. salivation, from a conditioned stimulus (CS), i.e. a bell or tone for example? In the Second Phase of the experiment, known as The Acquisition Stage, ...

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