... his subjects were exposed to a stimulus and then asked to report any sensations that the stimulus aroused. However this is very problematical to analyse as a naïve observer will report what they expect to see rather than what they actually see. Watson did not have faith that introspection produce quantifiable values on behaviour. He therefore began to study overt behaviour, that is behaviour we can see, rather than what we assume could be in occurrence inside a subject's head. This is often known as stimulus-response psychology, of which there are two main categories; classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning was developed by Ivan Pavlov, a Russian psychologist. His most renowned work was with his experiments on dogs. He conditioned dogs to produce a reflex response to a stimulus that it would not produce without the conditioning. Using meat, Pavlov would sound a buzzer and present a portion of meat ...

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