... as eleven and to hand feed children of four and five. In another society, Orchard Town, the mothers are again home all day but alone with pre-school children. They teach them early to feed themselves. They also teach self reliance in play and cleanliness habits. However, they may postpone teaching adult skills. The carers of all young children have broadly the same goals. Social differences may mean they prioritise teaching life skills differently. (Whiting Book one) In the Itrinic forest children are taught life skills by playing 'grown up' games. The boys play with miniature bows and arrows, the girls play house. Gradually it will change from a game to real life. Thus they have been trained without realising it. In 1980 Robert Hess et al did a study on the expectations of American and Japanese mothers of their own children's development. It was a cross cultural study with 67 mothers ...

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