... will be interpreted with respect to the ANOVA framework employed, with the view that an integrative model of attribution is needed to account for the biases that people bring to bear in the process of attributing causality. Kelley's (1967; 1971; 1972 as cited in Kelley 1973) attribution theory stems from the covariation principle that " an effect is attributed to one of its possible causes with which, over time, it covaries" (Kelley, 1973, p. 108). Furthermore, Kelley (1973) suggested that the majority of attribution problems vary in the extent to which they are effected by three possible causes: persons, times and entities. Kelley termed information known about these 3 causes as "consensus" information, relating to the variations over different persons, "consistency" information, concerning the variations in outcome over different time or modalities, and "distinctiveness" information, regarding the extent to which effects vary over different stimuli. Consider a situation such as 'Jack ...

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