... rate the person who had just left their table. The questionnaire was aimed at attraction towards the invader, the aesthetic quality of the invader, and the positiveness of motivation attributed to them. The results showed that males disliked face-to-face invasion, and females disliked side-on invasion. However, females preferred face-to-face invasion, and males preferred side-on invasion. This shows that there are gender differences in personal space and that males and females both react differently to personal space invasion. Middlemist aimed to investigate physiological effects occur during personal space invasion. To do this he conducted his experiment in a men's lavatory, where a urinal was blocked off so that a participants could either urinate next in the urinal next to a model (the invader) or two urinals away. The model would come and stand either next to or away from the participant when they stood at a urinal, and the experimenter was sat ...

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