... take less time than one that requires several stages, Williams, (2003). Experimental evidence suggests that an increase in time occurs with increased level of abstraction in processing. Letter matching involves the subject making Same-Different judgements about pairs of letters. The following conditions are possible when asking subjects to make a same judgement about pairs of letters. Physical identity - A A or g g Nominal identity - A a or G g Semantic identity - A E (both vowels) or g K (both consonants) Posner, et al, (1969) suggested that difference between conditions can be used as a direct measure of the mental processes behind it, but he & Raichle, (1994) also warned that there can be ambiguities arising from this type of cognitive study; they suggested that cross-case matches may be made because visually identifying a letter of one case with a letter of the other is a learned trait, & that this ...

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