... topic of the investigation. In overt observation, researchers declare their true identity and purpose whereas a covert participant observer is hidden or disguised. Some researchers argue that overt observation is the best way since it avoids participation in immoral or illegal behaviour. Furthermore, the investigator can freely ask questions without arousing suspicion. However, being open in a study may affect the behaviour of the participants as they may become more self-conscious. Thus, covert observation is less likely to disrupt the situation being observed since the researcher appears to be another member of the group, for example, a certain researcher, William Chambliss, had to maintain secrecy when conducting a study of an organised crime; if his true identity was revealed the crime may have been prevented. However, this does question the ethnicity of the study since informed consent is not given. In either case, observation can work well in situations where ...

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