... in equal opportunities for females in the work place, it has been proposed that subtle descrimination still takes place, with women being prevented from reaching high positions by an invisible barrier, termed as 'the glass ceiling' (Morrison, White & Van Velsor, 1987). Although studies by psychologists such as Davidson and Cooper (1992) have suggested that more women are being able to break past this, a new problem seems to have emerged: the glass cliff (Haslam and Ryan, 2005). This refers to the opinion that if women are appointed to leadership positions, these are likley to be far more risky than those men are appointed to, leading to a much higher chance of failure. This failure has been interpreted by those such as Judge (2003) to be a direct result of the people in charge being women, as statistically it does appear that the majority of business failures do happen under ...

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