... did not estimate their IQ higher than females. This can be due to the fact that equal opportunities, confidence and independence in women can account for this. INTRODUCTION Sternberg (1985) described intelligence as "a mental activity directed towards purposive adaptation to, and selection and shaping of, real-world environments." In 1905, Binet and Simon produced a test that measured comprehension, memory and other cognitive abilities. Later on in 1916, the Stanford-Binet test was devised to measure several aspects of intelligence, mainly in children. Intelligence was measured in vocabulary, maths and grammar. This test was standardised by being given to a large group of representative people of whom the test was intended for. This allows specific and general comparisons to be made. It was and still is used in many countries today. The general measurement of intelligence found from the test was intelligence quotient, also known as IQ. The average is 100 for the general ...

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