... age and multiplying by 100 (Gleitman, 1999). Two problems arose from this method - one being that it generated clearly wrong numbers and secondly it cannot necessarily be said that the difference between a five and an eight-year-old is the same as between a fourteen and a seventeen-year-old (Kline, 1991). Now, IQ is based on the normal curve and can be used for adults and children (Kline, 1991). Under a normal distribution (and intelligence is assumed to be a normally distributed variable) approximately 68% of scores fall within the mean and one standard deviation and 95% fall within the mean and two standard deviations (e.g. Kline, 1991). It has been established that the mean intelligence score is 100 (Kline, 1991). For children, scores for each age group are standardised and the mean is given a 100 (Kline, 1991). These concepts of the normal distribution and standardisation are crucial to an ...

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