... explains changes in criminal behavior over the life span, independent of prior individual differences in criminal propensity. Childhood pathways to crime and conformity over the life course are significantly influenced by adult social bonds. Early delinquency predicts weak adult social bonds, and weak adult social bonds predict concurrent and later adult crime and deviance. The process is thus one in which childhood antisocial behavior and adolescent delinquency is linked to adult crime and deviance in part through weak social bonds (Siegel pg 75). Gender is the most consistent variable across all forms of violence. Men commit more violence than women. Violence does not occur every time a male is present; the presence of male hormones in the bloodstream cannot tell us when violence will occur, or how severe it will be (Siegel pg 69). Additionally, gender has an effect on violence because it locates people in the social ...

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