... key issue in the study of non-verbal behaviour is what actual behaviour can be categorised as a communicatory device. It is necessary to identify this definition, as a debate exists as to whether all non-verbal behaviour is communicative or only certain non-verbal behaviour's carry encoded messages from the sender to the receiver. It is within this debate that the distinction between non-verbal behaviour and non-verbal communication is emphasised. Non-verbal behaviour can be seen to be compromised of a great range of non vocal responses, without necessarily conveying any information, while non-verbal communication, still compromising of a great many non vocal responses but also transmitting information about the sender to the receiver. Three differing views have been put forward on this debate; each with different theories as to what non-verbal behaviour's can be seen to be communicative. Ekman and Friesen (1969) argue that 'only those non-verbal behaviours that are intended to ...

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