... there through the oral and nasal cavities, which together make up the nasal tract. Movements of the lips and tongue create vowel sounds and consonants are constructed through various articulatory movements, which temporarily construct the path of air through the vocal tract. This is fundamental when considering why human communication systems differ from animals; we have the equipment to vocalize our needs as well as instinctive urges to do so. An interesting parallel in terms of vocalizing actions is found in birds. The bird song is verbal and functional; part learned and part generic, (similar to humans) marks territory and courts a mate. There are also regional dialects in bird song proving it is not all generic. If we consider language synonymous with speech, and speech an essential form of communication then we will inevitably conclude that animal communication methods are basic and in some cases non existent. However, while human communication ...

See this essay or coursework document in full right now