... is to keep track of the times of any live events such as interviews and to make sure that they fill the required time without over-running. Again this information is fed to the floor manager (or directly to the presenters if they have ear pieces.) The outcome of all this meticulous time keeping is that the PA should know exactly how much time the remaining pieces have to fill. This way the PA will know if there is going to be any 'dead' time in the programme that would need to be filled. Again the communication process runs through the floor manager to the presenters to pad things out. The result is that many news broadcasts; especially local ones have a few seconds of 'banter' towards the end. This may be discussion of the news items, however, it's only reason for inclusion is to make sure that the programme runs to ...

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