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... Although Kochan was an admirer of Witte, many western European historians believed that Witte's reforms hindered and not helped Russia's economy, such as domestic industries which did not benefit from contracts and subsides.3 The document of economic reform was addressed to the Tsar, Nicholas II. This document is meant for the Tsar to read and is 'extremely secret'. Witte hoped Nicholas II would give his approval to his ideas of economic reform for Russia. The style in which Witte wrote the document is to inform the Tsar of the flaws in Russian economy and almost to scare the Tsar into immediate and radical change in economic policy. However, in various parts of the document, Witte seems to be somewhat sycophantic towards the Tsar, possibly in an attempt to win the approval of the Tsar to implement his economic policies for Russia. Nicholas II has been described as 'an ineffective ruler'4 and ...