... in the UK include: fuel duty, land tax, vehicle tax, energy tax and the "Climate Change Levy" (Cottrell 2004). In addition to these taxes, there are also savings to be had: fuel benefits are available in the form of a lower tax charge based on Co2 emissions (Chadwick 2007b), there is a first year allowance of 100% for companies investing in energy saving and low emission technology (Chadwick 2007a), and there is a VAT reduced rate for the installation of energy saving materials (Chadwick 2007c). Recently there has been much discussion considering: 'pay-as-you-drive' taxes, taxes on cheap flights (BBC News 2006), higher road taxes, higher parking fees, a rise in the annual duty on the least fuel efficient vehicles (Jones 2007) and incentives for the installation of wind turbines or solar panels on residential homes - such as selling any surplus of power back to the national grid (Tempest 2007). ...

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