... economic growth as productivity rises, and encourages innovation of new machinery. Since then there have been various theories of job design which agree with Smith's view and broaden his theories. One of the people who extended Smith's ideas was Frederick Winslow Taylor, who changed the nature of factory work, by taking control and decision-making away from shop floor employees and passing it to managers (Beardwell. I., et al 1997). The key to Taylorism is maximum job fragmentation, where the job is divided into the smallest task possible, so to achieve maximum efficiency. The disadvantage of this is workers will get extremely bored and suffer from alienation. Taylor also advocated the separation of planning and manual work, which meant all decisions were undertaken by management. This was understandable at that time, as there was high level of illiteracy in employees. However, it is very unfavourable, as workers feel like slaves, with ...

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