... structure is defined in terms of its degree of complexity, formalisation and centralisation. Change agents can alter one or more of these structural components. For instance, departmental responsibilities can be combined, vertical layers removed and spans of control widened to make the organisation flatter and less bureaucratic. More rules and procedures can be implemented to increase standardisation. Decentralisation can be initiated to speed up the decision-making process. Change agents can also introduce major modifications in the actual structural design. This might include a shift from a simple structure to a divisional structure or the creation of a matrix design. Change agents might consider redesigning jobs or schedules. Job descriptions can be redefined, jobs enriched or flexible work hours introduced. Still another option is to modify the organisation's compensation system. Motivation could be increased, for example, by introducing performance bonuses. CHANGING TECHNOLOGY Most of the early studies in management and organisational behaviour dealt with ...

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