... risk management, self-regulation and pest practice (Neo et al., 2004). Barling et al. (2004) stated that occupational health and safety is a major issue for employees, and how management deals with this issue of both academic and practical significance. The most frequent organizational approaches used to produce a sufficient level of safety have focused on the optimal design of equipment (i.e., an ergonomic approach), adherence with government-imposed standards (i.e., a legislative approach), or compliance with the terms of collective agreements. Therefore, programmatic or systematic approaches to occupational safety and health are rapidly emerging internationally as the preeminent strategy for employers to reduce occupational illness and injury. In additional, Schulte (2002) stated that the aim is to improve knowledge, increase understanding, and apply information to specific problems. Because in many places the occupational safety and health problems are not new, but known solutions have not been applied. Where new problems exist, new ...

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