... for our purposes here. What is needed is a description which sufficiently covers the various aspects inherent in the process by which human behavior is activated. Cambell and Pritchard have said that "motivation has to do with a set of independent/dependent variable relationship that explain the direction, amplitude and persistence of an individual behavior , holding constraints the effects of aptitude , skill, and understanding of the task, and the constraints operating the environment." These definitions appear generally to have three common denominators which may be said to characterize the phenomenon of motivation. They are 1. What energizes human behavior, 2. What directs or channels such behavior, 3. How this behavior is maintained or sustained. Each of these three components represents an important factor in our understanding of human behavior at work. First, this conceptualization points to energetic forces within individual s that drive them to behave in certain ways and to environmental forces that ...

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