... valence, it means the value of outcome or the importance of rewards. Valence reflects that what is the employee really wants to get via the work performance and in what kind of degree the employee wants to get it. Usually, valence can be described as promotion, high salary, long holiday and so on. 'E' refers to expectancy, which is the estimate of the possibility that the reward might be realized. To some extent, it is the connection between the performance and effort. And 'I' represents instrumentality, which is the linkage between good performance and rewards. It illustrates that is it possible that the good work performance would lead to the rewards eventually. In a word, expectancy theory gives out an assumption that the hard effort will lead to good job performance, and good job performance will bring the rewards. So if the employee's expectancy and the rewards of the organization ...

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