... also considers ways in which the approach failed to make the workplace better, thereby making the approach ineffective. I am going to concentrate on the classical approach of scientific management and the human relations approach. The subsequent improvements upon the Human Relations approach with the aim of making the workplace more flexible, such as the Neo-Human Relations and Total Quality Management are also discussed briefly and brought together in the conclusion. Industrial capitalism during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries brought about waged labour and new businesses were developed with the sole aim of the owners (capitalists) making profits year by year. Production processes were becoming larger and more complex, (mass production) and it became necessary for factories and organisations to become more efficient and to improve the productivity of workers. In order to achieve this, Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915), a first level supervisory manager who was born during that ...

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