... his phenomenon of the Hawthorne Effect. This humane approach gave rise to a change in both management and organisation theory, and highlighted the importance of the worker's needs for recognition and social satisfaction at work. Prior to the Human Relations movement, work organisation was largely based on the theory of Scientific Management. This approach highlighted the need of efficient utilization of physical and human resources to maximise productivity, as seen through Fredrick Taylor's 'one best way' approach to organisation. Despite Taylor's contribution to efficiency and productivity at work e.g. time and motion study, criticism and resistance to the scientific approach and 'mechanistic' treatment of employees within work organisations was growing, and this gave rise to the Human Relations Movement. Hugo Munsterberg, "father of industrial psychology", had emphasized as early as 1913 the need for studying human behaviour, in addition to scientific management. Max Weber had also shown that bureaucracy was ...

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