... organisation, such as profitability, productivity, employee involvement and investor return, these are all important to the stakeholders, organisation itself, employees, stockholders, customers and society. At the beginning of the 20th century, Fredrick W. Taylor helped shape management practices and had a major impact on how firms manage HR. Trained as an engineer, F.W.Taylor emphasised the importance of developing precise analytical schemes to select, train, evaluate, and reward workers for the purpose of motivating them, controlling their behaviours, and improving their behaviours. But during the second quarter of the century, the focus shifted to acknowledging the importance of the work group's influence on employees. Elton Mayo and his work at the Hawthorne Plant, focused on the improving individual productivity by experimenting with changing the work groups composition and incentive schemes and also its environmental conditions, such as lighting and physical arrangements. This was seen as the 'Hawthorne Studies'. Human resource management began ...

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