... the organization is not dependable, or where it fails to provide employees with challenging and meaningful tasks, commitment levels tend to diminish." 2 Each of the theories and studies considered in the following deals with at lease one of these sets of variables i.e. personal characteristics, job characteristics, and work attitudes. 3.6.2.1 Needs Hierarchy Theory Abraham Maslow pointed out that human motivation has a hierarchical structure, which he called hierarchy of needs. There are at least five basic needs, which all individuals uphold. These are physiological, safety, social, esteem and self-actualization. 3Physiological needs are for instance food, drink, shelter, sex and other bodily requirements. Safety needs deal with the security and protection from physical and emotional harm. Social needs refer to affection and belongingness needs. That means a person will strive for good relationships with people and a place in his/her group. Thereby, special attention is given to friends, wife and children etc. ...

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