... formulate a better structure. Therefore, classical theories see the organization as a closed system. The limitation has not been broken until the emergence of contingency theory. Contingency theory pays attention to the dynamics environment and regards the organization as an open system. "Organisations have little choice but to adapt to their environments and this has been a concern of organization theory for a number of years" (Rollinson 1998). Because of the uncertainty of environment, organization will adopt different structures to match it. "... [T]he systems approach stresses that organizations are shaped by and adapt to their environments" (Fincham and Rhodes, 1999) Environmental uncertainty embodies in two aspects: complexity and dynamism. Low Uncertainty Few environmental factors exist; Factors are similar to each other; Factors remain basically. Example: Salt manufactures Printing firms Moderate Uncertainty Many environmental factors exist; Factors are not similar to each other; Factors remain basically the same. Example: Registrars' offices in universities Gasoline refining Moderately High Uncertainty Few environmental factors ...

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