... however, recently it has been discovered that the importance of informal work groups is much greater for persons in high-status positions than those in low-status positions. Management-level employees are more likely to experience social and geographical mobility, which cuts them off from their parents, their place of birth, and their former friends. Consequently, they tend to rely more heavily on social relationships established at their place of work. To the extent that co-workers become a significant reference group for employees, one would expect them to support one another. Abraham Maslow's (1950) theory of the hierarchy of human needs puts forward needs ranked in the following ascending order: (1) physiological, (2) safety, (3) social, (4) esteem, and (5) self-actualization. Under this theory, the kind and degree of need for work-group approval is affected by the kind and degree to which the needs are being satisfied by persons outside the work situation. ...

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