... are either returned to the shop floor to be fixed (Reworked) or are Scrapped. The idea of inspecting products and reworking defective units (Inspect and Fix It) worked so well for so long that it was taken for granted as standard practice on quality management. Unfortunately, the inspect and fix it approach is usually implemented with policies that punish workers who do not meet specs. Errors have to be fixed on the worker's own time, or even worse they are summarily fired. Given such policies, workers and managers come to see inspectors as watchdogs and this fuels conflict between workers, on the one hand, and inspectors and managers on the other. Organizational games for hiding errors, shifting blame, and "promoting us versus them" characterize many American factories to this day. Total Quality Management Commodity businesses no longer dominate industry. Today's products are far more complex and companies compete internationally on more dimensions ...

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