... frequency. Contents Page 1.0 Introduction 4 1.1 Problem Definition 4 1.2 Aims and Objectives 5 2.0 The Current Situation 6 2.1 The Benefits of the air industry to the Economy 6 2.1.1 Direct Benefits 7 2.1.2 Indirect Benefits 7 2.2 Other Benefits 7 3.0 Government Policy 9 3.1 Sustainable Development 9 3.2 Environmental Impacts of Aviation 9 3.3 Fiscal Measures to Constrain Growth 10 3.3.1 Taxation of Fuel 11 3.3.2 Noise Charges 11 3.3.3 VAT and Duty Free 12 3.3.4 Emissions Trading 12 3.3.5 Slot Allocation 13 3.3.6 Air Traffic Management 13 4.0 Impact on Airport Operators 14 4.1 Airport Expansion 14 4.2 Constraining Demand 15 4.2.1 Aircraft Size 15 4.2.2 Increase in Ticket Prices 15 4.3 Subject to Noise Constraints 16 4.4 Regional Airport Operators 17 4.5 Integrated Transport 17 4.6 Substitutes to Air Travel 18 4.7 Summary 18 5.0 Conclusion 19 5.1 Recommendations 19 5.2 Conclusion 20 5.3 Opportunities for Further Research 22 Appendices 23 References 27 CHAPTER ONE: Introduction Currently airport operators have a hard task in planning for the future due to having to plan in the long term owing to the vast amounts of time in planning and building of infrastructure. Both government polices and environmental issues are impacting against the industry in the UK currently, which directly affect the airport operator. The largest impact being the current congestion of the airports in the South East of England and the Environmental Impacts of the industry. Today the government highlights the importance of air transport growth but now accept that ...

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