... to be identified, so there would be difficulties in measuring and evaluating behaviour. It was also suspected that to what extent the musical intelligence could reflect the general intelligence (Mills, 2001). Although there were studies suggested that the importance of music in primary education as well as in musical education (Bill and Barberg, 2002), the statistic that supported it was rare. Therefore, the validity of musical intelligence was unsure. In addition, Gardner's approach of intelligence might not be completed. He ignored some factor such as memory ability which was important for academic achievement especially. In contrast, Thurstone (1938) included memory as one factor in his "primary mental abilities". Next, Colin Cooper (1999) risen a question in his book "intelligence and abilities": why sexual performance was not a factor of intelligence. Cooper found that sexual performance was highly regarded within some cultures. According to Gardner's principle, intelligence as a "capacity ...... are ...

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