... "a native or naturalized individual who owes allegiance to a government and is entitled to the enjoyment of governmental protection and to the exercise of civil rights" ("Merriam-Webster's dictionary of law", 1996). Citizenship is the active state of being a citizen. Education is the knowledge and development resulting from the process of being educated ("Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of Law", 1996), whilst 'special education' refers to education for students (as in the handicapped, learning-disabled, impaired) with special educational needs. In 1860, the aim of public education was "to influence the whole body politic: to raise the standard of intelligence...to raise the State itself to the highest possible condition of moral and intellectual excellence" (Barcan, 1980, p.102). A focus on curriculum reform ensued in the years leading into the 20th century, with curriculum focusing not only on the acquisition of basic literacy and numeracy skills, but also on an "inculcation of morality, a ...

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