... receiving some of the lowest marks. Gillborn's study in 1996 found that males from this group were: more likely to be given labels such as 'unruly' or 'disrespectful': and also far more likely to be given detention than other pupils. Whether they were in fact more unruly or badly behaved was not addressed by this particular study and therefore assumptions were made into the reasons for this form of labelling. However, Gillborn also noted that the teachers appeared to respond to the dress and manner of speech of these Afro-Caribbean pupils as a challenge to their authority, which resulted in punishment. What these teachers failed to realise is that by giving the pupils labels of this kind they were in fact spurning them to act in accordance with their labels, thus worsening the problem considerably. It is not only boys in ethnic groups that have recently become the subject of several ...

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