... worse. The work of Mairtan Mac an Ghaill (1992) and the Swann Report (1985) have both influenced my study as they have addressed the issue of ethnic minorities in education. However it is not only Afro Caribbean boys that are failing but boys in general. Mitsos and Browne addressed the issue of the under achievement of boys. So it may be that it is gender, ethnicity and maybe socio-economic group that is the reason for the underachievement. Moreover my attention has further focused on this matter after reading various articles on not just the under achievement of ethnic minorities but in particular that of the Afro Caribbean boys. My main objectives that I am going to concentrate on are therefore culture and whether it has an influence on the achievement of Afro Caribbean boys. The labelling theories effects on their attainment and whether there is a laddish culture amongst Afro Caribbean boys ...

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